The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is offering a grant opportunity titled "Microglial Pathophysiology in Comorbid Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and HIV (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)" aimed at exploring the interactions between microglial pathophysiology and the comorbidity of SUD and HIV. The primary objective is to generate specific microglial protein profiles and interaction networks to understand how HIV-infected microglia contribute to neuropathologies associated with these conditions. This initiative is critical for advancing therapeutic interventions by addressing significant knowledge gaps in the cellular interactions of HIV and substance use disorders. Up to $2.5 million is available for 3-6 awards, with applications due by July 14, 2025. For further inquiries, interested applicants can contact NIH Grants Information at grantsinfo@nih.gov or visit the additional information link at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DA-25-063.html.