The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is offering a funding opportunity titled "Building in vivo Preclinical Assays of Circuit Engagement for Application in Therapeutic Development (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)" aimed at enhancing therapeutic development for mental illnesses. This initiative seeks to establish in vivo neurophysiological and behavioral measures that can serve as assays in the early screening phase of treatment development, focusing on optimizing and evaluating innovative measures that reflect neural processes relevant to both preclinical species and humans. The funding is particularly significant as it addresses critical gaps in the therapeutic development pipeline, with eligible applicants including various educational institutions and organizations, and a budget cap of $250,000 in direct costs per year. Interested parties must submit their applications by February 5, 2025, with a maximum project period of five years, and can direct inquiries to grantsinfo@nih.gov for further information.