The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is offering a funding opportunity (Funding Opportunity Number PAR-25-290) targeting invasive neural recording studies related to mental health disorders. The initiative emphasizes using invasive techniques to deepen our understanding of the brain circuits governing mood, emotions, and behavior. Researchers are encouraged to pursue questions of high translational potential, although intervention-development clinical trials are not within the scope of this funding. The program uses the R01 Research Grant mechanism, suitable for longer-term projects, while the companion R21 NOFO welcomes shorter, riskier studies. A Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives is required, highlighting the NIH's commitment to inclusivity and diverse team experiences in research. Key dates include an application opening on January 5, 2025, and a project maximum of 5 years with no budget limits. Eligible applicants encompass various institutions, including higher education and nonprofits. The program underscores the necessity of innovative collaborations in neuroscience and engineering to address mental health challenges and improve future therapeutic tools through rigorous scientific exploration.