The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is offering a funding opportunity titled "Role of Defective Proviruses in HIV Persistence (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)" aimed at supporting research on the impact of defective HIV proviruses on persistence and pathogenesis during antiretroviral treatment. The objective is to characterize these defective proviruses in human samples, optimize assays to mitigate their influence, and study their effects on viral dynamics, which is crucial for improving HIV cure strategies and understanding chronic immune activation in treated individuals. Eligible applicants include a wide range of institutions, such as public and private nonprofits, higher education entities, and for-profits, with funding available up to $500,000 per year for projects lasting a maximum of five years. Interested parties should note that applications can be submitted starting in April 2025, and all inquiries can be directed to NIH Grants Information at grantsinfo@nih.gov.