The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is offering a funding opportunity for exploratory studies that investigate the mechanisms of HIV infection, replication, latency, and pathogenesis in the context of substance use disorders (SUDs). This initiative aims to support high-risk, high-impact research that explores the interactions between HIV and SUDs, particularly focusing on neuroscience implications and the establishment of viral reservoirs in the central nervous system. Eligible applicants include a wide range of organizations, such as historically black colleges and universities, tribal governments, and foreign entities, with a maximum funding amount of $700,000 per year for a project period of up to five years. Interested parties should submit their applications by July 14, 2024, and can direct inquiries to grantsinfo@nih.gov for further information.