The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health, has announced a funding opportunity titled "Novel Preclinical Models of NeuroHIV in the cART Era" (R61/R33 - Clinical Trial Not Allowed). This initiative seeks applications focused on developing and validating small animal models or human cellular microphysiological systems that effectively mimic the interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system in individuals living with HIV (PWH). The initiative aims to enhance the translational relevance of NeuroHIV models under conditions of viral suppression via antiretroviral therapy (ART). Key components include a phased grant mechanism, where the R61 phase supports the model's development and validation, while the R33 phase focuses on characterizing the model's capability to reflect CNS dysfunctions and their clinical implications. The announcement emphasizes collaboration among institutions and encourages sharing of developed models with the research community. Applications must be submitted by December 3, 2024, with a focus on achieving specific, measurable milestones critical for moving from R61 to R33 funding. This initiative addresses the ongoing need for innovative preclinical models capable of better representing the complexities of NeuroHIV in modern therapeutic contexts.