The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health, has issued a Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) titled "Engineering Next-Generation Human Nervous System Microphysiological Systems (R21 Clinical Trials Not Allowed)." This initiative encourages exploratory research to develop advanced microphysiological systems (MPS) that replicate complex human nervous system architectures, aimed at facilitating studies related to nervous system development, function, and aging. The R21 grant is designed for high-risk projects and does not require preliminary data, while the funding allows for a combined budget of up to $275,000 over two years. The application process opens on January 16, 2025, and submissions are encouraged early to accommodate potential corrections. Various institutes, including the National Institute on Aging, National Eye Institute, and others, emphasize technology development in MPS to enhance understanding of diseases associated with aging and other neurological conditions. Applications must adhere to specific guidelines and will be evaluated based on the significance, innovation, and rigor of the proposed research. This funding opportunity aims to address critical challenges in neuroscience through novel technologies and collaboration across diverse scientific fields.