The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has announced a funding opportunity titled "Modulating Human Microbiome Function to Enhance Immune Responses Against Cancer" (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed), aimed at supporting research into the interactions between the human microbiome and anti-tumor immune responses. This initiative encourages applications that explore how specific microbes or their metabolites can influence immune behavior to prevent tumor formation, with a focus on identifying novel molecular targets for cancer prevention strategies. The funding opportunity is open to a wide range of eligible applicants, including various educational institutions and organizations, and projects must avoid clinical trials, have a maximum duration of five years, and demonstrate adequate preliminary data. Interested applicants should note that the submission deadline is January 7, 2025, and can find more information at the provided NIH link or contact the NIH OER Webmaster at OERWebmaster03@od.nih.gov for further inquiries.