The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has issued a funding opportunity to develop new theories and methods for understanding the genetic architecture of complex human traits, under the R21 Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant mechanism. The initiative is designed to address gaps in current research methodologies, aiming to incorporate a broader understanding of both genetic and non-genetic factors influencing trait variation. Applications are encouraged from interdisciplinary teams combining expertise in genetics, biology, sociology, and other fields, emphasizing the need for novel approaches that utilize large-scale datasets. The funding opportunity allows a maximum budget of $275,000 over two years, prohibiting clinical trials and limiting new data generation to 20% of project costs. Key submission dates begin in early 2025, with an expiration date of January 8, 2027. Proposals must demonstrate rigor, originality, and relevance to human health, ensuring ethical implications are considered, particularly concerning sensitive traits. The review process will assess scientific merit, feasibility, and investigator expertise through peer reviews and council evaluations, ultimately determining funding based on scientific impact and availability of resources. This initiative underlines NIH's commitment to advancing genomic medicine and enhancing public health outcomes through innovative research.