The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has issued a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) titled "Time-Sensitive Opportunities for Health Research (R61/R33 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)." This initiative aims to accelerate research regarding unforeseen health outcomes stemming from unexpected events such as pandemics or natural disasters. The FOA is structured in two phases: the R61 phase focuses on exploratory activities and baseline data collection over one year, while the R33 phase extends research efforts for up to four years, depending on the initial phase's outcomes. Researchers must demonstrate the urgency of their proposals to qualify for expedited review and funding, expected within four to five months from submission. The document outlines extensive eligibility criteria for applicants, including various educational institutions and non-profit organizations. Key areas of interest span multiple health disciplines, emphasizing the necessity of collaborative approaches between researchers and affected communities. Additionally, applications are encouraged to address how time-sensitive events affect vulnerable populations and to ensure compliance with ethical standards. The overarching purpose is to facilitate timely and pertinent research that informs public health policies and practices, thereby enhancing health outcomes during critical events.