The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is inviting proposals for the Precision Approaches in Radiation Synthetic Combinations (PAIRS) program through the R01 grant mechanism, aimed at developing innovative cancer treatments by investigating synthetic vulnerabilities associated with tumor responses to radiation therapy. This funding opportunity encourages research that explores combined treatment strategies leveraging radiation modalities to enhance tumor-targeting precision, with a focus on pre-clinical studies or early-phase clinical trials. The initiative is critical for advancing precision oncology and improving health outcomes by addressing significant scientific barriers in cancer care. Interested applicants, including higher education institutions, nonprofits, and foreign entities, must submit their proposals by September 7, 2025, and can find additional information at the NIH grants website or contact the NIH OER Webmaster at OERWebmaster03@od.nih.gov for inquiries.