The U.S. Army is seeking proposals for the development of Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers (PCSEL) to enhance its advanced laser systems. The objective is to create near-diffraction limited, near-infrared PCSEL laser diode arrays that can be utilized in various applications, including solid-state laser pumping and direct illumination, while improving beam quality and reducing costs compared to existing technologies. These lasers are crucial for the Army's operations, particularly in night missions where high-quality laser sources are essential for target marking and precision fires. Interested parties can submit Phase I proposals with a funding limit of $250,000, due by August 20, 2025, with the opportunity opening on July 23, 2025. For more information, visit the solicitation agency's website at https://www.dodsbirsttr.mil/topics-app/.

## Description

The U.S. Army uses lasers in many of its mission areas and would greatly benefit from a low cost, efficient laser source with high beam quality such as the PCSEL.  The Army uses Near Infrared (NIR) lasers, in conjunction with night vision goggles, during night operations for target pointing/marking, precision fires, and target handoff.  The NIR PCSEL can be developed to replace the existing edge emitter laser diode. The PCSEL device would be more compact, lighter weight, and less costly due to the PCSELs easy to manufacture planar structure, greatly improved beam quality, and reduced need for beam shaping and steering optics.&nbsp;The Army also uses compact solid-state lasers in laser rangefinders, for target marking/handoff, designation, and threat detection. These lasers use doped glass or crystal that are pumped by edge-emitting laser diodes.  The edge-emitting lasers are highly asymmetric and highly divergent emission must be shaped by optical lenses in order to make it similar in profile to the round optical mode of the laser, as required to achieve good pump-mode overlap and high laser efficiency.&nbsp;

## Objective

Develop and optimize designs for near-diffraction limited, near-infrared Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers (PCSEL) laser diode arrays; a multi-element, surface-emitting, semiconductor laser structure with single-spatial-mode emission. Devices must output sufficient intensity to be used in various laser-based efforts for the U.S. Army, including solid state laser pumping and direct illumination across near-infrared wavelengths.

## Phase I

This topic is accepting Phase I proposals for a cost up to $250,000 for a 6-month period of performance. This research effort will require the design and optimization and fabrication of proof-of-concept of NIR PCSELs for use in U.S. Army applications. Develop PCSEL designs that meet program requirements as stated in the description portion of this topic, optimizing for beam quality. Results of modeling shall be provided as well as a manufacturing feasibility study. Metrics such as wavelength, power, duty cycle, efficiency, and beam quality should meet program objectives. Prior work in surface emitting laser diodes and photonic crystal meta-structures should be noted.

## Phase II

Fabricate and deliver &gt;10 proof-of-concept PCSELs of several configurations (multiple near-infrared wavelengths and emitter areas) to validate model and allow selection of best design. These devices should demonstrate significantly improved (&gt;10x) beam quality over existing commercial laser diodes. The packaging should allow them to be easily powered with existing laser diode drivers and integrated into a benchtop laser characterization system.

## Phase III: Dual Use Applications

Lidar, rangefinding, illumination, identification, threat detection

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