The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health, invites applications for an R21 exploratory research grant focusing on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). This funding opportunity aims to enhance understanding of the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying NPS, such as aggression, anxiety, and agitation, which can significantly impact care and worsen patient outcomes. Investigators pursuing high-risk projects without preliminary data may apply for the R21 mechanism, while those with established data are encouraged to consider R01 grants. Key dates include application openings on January 16, 2025, with funding capped at $275,000 over two years. The document emphasizes multi-level analysis and innovative methodologies to identify treatment targets and improve intervention strategies for NPS. Applications must align with rigorous application instructions and adhere to compliance regulations, with successful submissions undergoing a peer review process followed by funding decisions based on scientific merit and relevance to program priorities. This initiative is part of a broader national effort to address the complexities and challenges associated with Alzheimer's disease and dementia care.